# Java bulk API slows down if client is not closed and reopened

**URL:** <https://discuss.elastic.co/t/java-bulk-api-slows-down-if-client-is-not-closed-and-reopened/16144>\
**Category:** Elasticsearch\
**Created:** [March 4, 2014, 1:58pm UTC](https://discuss.elastic.co/t/java-bulk-api-slows-down-if-client-is-not-closed-and-reopened/16144 "2014-03-04T13:58:31Z")\
**Posts on this page:** 10\
**Page:** 1

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**Author:** ![Ondrej\_Spilka](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/o/f07891/32.png) [@Ondrej\_Spilka](https://discuss.elastic.co/u/Ondrej_Spilka)\
**Post date:** [March 4, 2014, 1:58pm UTC](https://discuss.elastic.co/t/java-bulk-api-slows-down-if-client-is-not-closed-and-reopened/16144/1 "2014-03-04T13:58:31Z")

</div>

Hi all,

I'm using JAVA API on ES 1.0.1 to bulk index medium sized docs.  
Documents come from 150Mb XML.  
Average JSON document is about 500Bytes in 10 propeties, currently testing  
on 275.000 documents. Only some key properties are indexed, otherwise  
stored in \_source.  
Bulk index is done in 5000 document blocks.

While contiguously indexing, the speed of indexing slows linearly down, at  
approx 100.000th item it took 5 times longer then at first chunk.  
But when I close TrasnportClient after each successful bulk index, the  
performance remains the same and indexing is breathlessly excellent.

What causes such a problem? Is it correct to close TransportClient  
connection each time bulk indexing is done?  
Seems okay, index is ready and functional.

1GB given to Java, bootstrap.mlockall: true, ES\_HEAP\_SIZE = ES\_MIN\_MEM  
= ES\_MAX\_MEM = 1GB  
Windows 8, i7, 8GB RAM, SSD disk.

Thanks in advance

Ondra

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**Author:** ![jprante](https://sea2.discourse-cdn.com/elastic/user_avatar/discuss.elastic.co/jprante/32/44941_2.png) [@jprante](https://discuss.elastic.co/u/jprante)\
**Post date:** [March 4, 2014, 4:49pm UTC](https://discuss.elastic.co/t/java-bulk-api-slows-down-if-client-is-not-closed-and-reopened/16144/2 "2014-03-04T16:49:17Z")

</div>

Without seeing the code, it is impossible to make helpful statements.

1G is in general a small heap for bulk indexing. 275k documents will work  
anyway, they should be ready in ~30 seconds. Maybe you see GC starting to  
kick in. To make guesses about ES, you should run bulk indexing for at  
least 30-60 min. and not just seconds.

Note, mlockall is not working on Windows.

Jörg

On Tue, Mar 4, 2014 at 2:58 PM, Ondřej Spilka [spilka.ondrej@gmail.com](mailto:spilka.ondrej@gmail.com)wrote:

> Hi all,
> 
> I'm using JAVA API on ES 1.0.1 to bulk index medium sized docs.  
> Documents come from 150Mb XML.  
> Average JSON document is about 500Bytes in 10 propeties, currently testing  
> on 275.000 documents. Only some key properties are indexed, otherwise  
> stored in \_source.  
> Bulk index is done in 5000 document blocks.
> 
> While contiguously indexing, the speed of indexing slows linearly down, at  
> approx 100.000th item it took 5 times longer then at first chunk.  
> But when I close TrasnportClient after each successful bulk index, the  
> performance remains the same and indexing is breathlessly excellent.
> 
> What causes such a problem? Is it correct to close TransportClient  
> connection each time bulk indexing is done?  
> Seems okay, index is ready and functional.
> 
> 1GB given to Java, bootstrap.mlockall: true, ES\_HEAP\_SIZE = ES\_MIN\_MEM  
> = ES\_MAX\_MEM = 1GB  
> Windows 8, i7, 8GB RAM, SSD disk.
> 
> Thanks in advance
> 
> Ondra
> 
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**Author:** ![brian\_yoder](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/b/f1d935/32.png) [@brian\_yoder](https://discuss.elastic.co/u/brian_yoder)\
**Post date:** [March 4, 2014, 11:24pm UTC](https://discuss.elastic.co/t/java-bulk-api-slows-down-if-client-is-not-closed-and-reopened/16144/3 "2014-03-04T23:24:05Z")

</div>

Are you using the BulkRequestBuilder? If so, create a new one for each bulk  
operation (and let the de-referenced old one be garbage collected);  
otherwise you'll be filling it up and times will drop as seen. At least,  
that's what I do, and it runs like the blazes for the entire 97M document  
load.

Just a guess. As Jörg said, it's difficult to investigate without more  
details. But from the outside looking in, this is the first thing I'd check  
for.

Brian

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**Author:** ![Ondrej\_Spilka](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/o/f07891/32.png) [@Ondrej\_Spilka](https://discuss.elastic.co/u/Ondrej_Spilka)\
**Post date:** [March 10, 2014, 4:59pm UTC](https://discuss.elastic.co/t/java-bulk-api-slows-down-if-client-is-not-closed-and-reopened/16144/4 "2014-03-10T16:59:14Z")

</div>

Thanks for tips.Yes I am reusing requestbuilder as stated in example in docs so this can be the case.  
I will try to reinstantiate the request builder and I will let you know.

Btw is there a way how to simply bulk index json/xml file as like as in Solr? This is extremely useful feature isolating large document preprocessing and indexing...

Thanks for support.

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**Author:** ![jprante](https://sea2.discourse-cdn.com/elastic/user_avatar/discuss.elastic.co/jprante/32/44941_2.png) [@jprante](https://discuss.elastic.co/u/jprante)\
**Post date:** [March 10, 2014, 7:19pm UTC](https://discuss.elastic.co/t/java-bulk-api-slows-down-if-client-is-not-closed-and-reopened/16144/5 "2014-03-10T19:19:20Z")

</div>

There is a special ES indexing data model, as you surely already have  
noted. You can only index a subset of valid JSON into ES. For example, each  
ES JSON doc must be an object. Arrays must be single-valued, unnested. So,  
arbitrary source JSON must be transformed, and due to the field/value  
indexing, there is more than one possible model, which depends on your data  
domain.

XML is also not straightforward to translate. Attributes and values have to  
be mapped to JSON fields and there is more than one possibility to do so.

Another question is how to build identifiers from documents for ES doc \_id.

In my domain, I transform all my input data (K/V, ISO 2709, JSON, XML) to  
RDF, create an IRI, and this RDF can be serialized to JSON-LD which fits  
well into the ES JSON indexing model. YMMV.

Jörg

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**Author:** ![Ondrej\_Spilka](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/o/f07891/32.png) [@Ondrej\_Spilka](https://discuss.elastic.co/u/Ondrej_Spilka)\
**Post date:** [March 11, 2014, 6:18am UTC](https://discuss.elastic.co/t/java-bulk-api-slows-down-if-client-is-not-closed-and-reopened/16144/6 "2014-03-11T06:18:57Z")

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Thanks Joerg, I completely forgot the way of indexing via JSON documents  
I've already done for ES from powershell months ago...

I understand that ES JSON format is very versatile, on the other side, Solr  
compatible option to index plain POCO JSON file which consists only from  
array of objects would be fine in migration from Solr to ES.  
There is no problem while ID property can be specified in schema as like as  
in Solr.  
So when you have schema with ID property you're on the right way and ES  
have to be able to perform index/update on POCO JSON array.

Then I can imagine one have preprocessor converting XML/CSV or whatever to  
collection schema compatible JSON and search engine can be easily chosen  
between ES and Solr.  
It seems like nice idea to me as I'm just a user of search engine...

Ondra

On Monday, March 10, 2014 8:19:20 PM UTC+1, Jörg Prante wrote:

> There is a special ES indexing data model, as you surely already have  
> noted. You can only index a subset of valid JSON into ES. For example, each  
> ES JSON doc must be an object. Arrays must be single-valued, unnested. So,  
> arbitrary source JSON must be transformed, and due to the field/value  
> indexing, there is more than one possible model, which depends on your data  
> domain.
> 
> XML is also not straightforward to translate. Attributes and values have  
> to be mapped to JSON fields and there is more than one possibility to do so.
> 
> Another question is how to build identifiers from documents for ES doc \_id.
> 
> In my domain, I transform all my input data (K/V, ISO 2709, JSON, XML) to  
> RDF, create an IRI, and this RDF can be serialized to JSON-LD which fits  
> well into the ES JSON indexing model. YMMV.
> 
> Jörg

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**Author:** ![jprante](https://sea2.discourse-cdn.com/elastic/user_avatar/discuss.elastic.co/jprante/32/44941_2.png) [@jprante](https://discuss.elastic.co/u/jprante)\
**Post date:** [March 11, 2014, 8:04am UTC](https://discuss.elastic.co/t/java-bulk-api-slows-down-if-client-is-not-closed-and-reopened/16144/7 "2014-03-11T08:04:43Z")

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I'm not using JSON with Solr but from what I can see at  
[UpdateJSON - Solr - Apache Software Foundation](https://wiki.apache.org/solr/UpdateJSON) there is no difference in what I  
said. Solr borrowed all the JSON things from ES. That is, Solr seems not to  
accept arbitrary JSON either. So you can index JSON into ES as you would  
index it into Solr.

If you had already data indexed into Solr, this river may help

> **[GitHub - javanna/elasticsearch-river-solr: Solr River plugin for elasticsearch](https://github.com/javanna/elasticsearch-river-solr)**
>
> Solr River plugin for elasticsearch. Contribute to javanna/elasticsearch-river-solr development by creating an account on GitHub.

The Solr mock plugin  
[GitHub - mattweber/elasticsearch-mocksolrplugin: Use Solr clients/tools with ElasticSearch](https://github.com/mattweber/elasticsearch-mocksolrplugin) needs some love  
for JSON but could also be a valuable start to migrate from Solr.

Jörg

On Tue, Mar 11, 2014 at 7:18 AM, Ondřej Spilka [spilka.ondrej@gmail.com](mailto:spilka.ondrej@gmail.com)wrote:

> Thanks Joerg, I completely forgot the way of indexing via JSON documents  
> I've already done for ES from powershell months ago...
> 
> I understand that ES JSON format is very versatile, on the other side,  
> Solr compatible option to index plain POCO JSON file which consists only  
> from array of objects would be fine in migration from Solr to ES.  
> There is no problem while ID property can be specified in schema as like  
> as in Solr.  
> So when you have schema with ID property you're on the right way and ES  
> have to be able to perform index/update on POCO JSON array.
> 
> Then I can imagine one have preprocessor converting XML/CSV or whatever to  
> collection schema compatible JSON and search engine can be easily chosen  
> between ES and Solr.  
> It seems like nice idea to me as I'm just a user of search engine...
> 
> Ondra
> 
> On Monday, March 10, 2014 8:19:20 PM UTC+1, Jörg Prante wrote:
> 
> > There is a special ES indexing data model, as you surely already have  
> > noted. You can only index a subset of valid JSON into ES. For example, each  
> > ES JSON doc must be an object. Arrays must be single-valued, unnested. So,  
> > arbitrary source JSON must be transformed, and due to the field/value  
> > indexing, there is more than one possible model, which depends on your data  
> > domain.
> > 
> > XML is also not straightforward to translate. Attributes and values have  
> > to be mapped to JSON fields and there is more than one possibility to do so.
> > 
> > Another question is how to build identifiers from documents for ES doc  
> > \_id.
> > 
> > In my domain, I transform all my input data (K/V, ISO 2709, JSON, XML) to  
> > RDF, create an IRI, and this RDF can be serialized to JSON-LD which fits  
> > well into the ES JSON indexing model. YMMV.
> > 
> > Jörg
> > 
> > --  
> > You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups  
> > "elasticsearch" group.  
> > To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an  
> > email to [elasticsearch+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com](mailto:elasticsearch+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com).  
> > To view this discussion on the web visit  
> > [https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/elasticsearch/1d480a9f-a043-4de7-a3dc-efa2bea14a17%40googlegroups.com](https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/elasticsearch/1d480a9f-a043-4de7-a3dc-efa2bea14a17%40googlegroups.com)[https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/elasticsearch/1d480a9f-a043-4de7-a3dc-efa2bea14a17%40googlegroups.com?utm\_medium=email&utm\_source=footer](https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/elasticsearch/1d480a9f-a043-4de7-a3dc-efa2bea14a17%40googlegroups.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer)  
> > .
> 
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**Author:** ![Ondrej\_Spilka](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/o/f07891/32.png) [@Ondrej\_Spilka](https://discuss.elastic.co/u/Ondrej_Spilka)\
**Post date:** [March 11, 2014, 10:06am UTC](https://discuss.elastic.co/t/java-bulk-api-slows-down-if-client-is-not-closed-and-reopened/16144/8 "2014-03-11T10:06:43Z")

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Yes I can easily index plain POCO JSON into Solr, as I'm currently using  
Joerg.  
Format is slightly different, while in ES you have to specifiy operation,  
in Solr you need not.

Regarding things about history - I'm not an expert in that...  
Nevertheless both of them are build upon Lucene which uses BerkeleyDB.  
This was how I met Solr/ES at first, I was searching for some high-level  
Berkeley DB other than MongoDB, which is big space glutton...

On Tuesday, March 11, 2014 9:04:43 AM UTC+1, Jörg Prante wrote:

> I'm not using JSON with Solr but from what I can see at  
> [UpdateJSON - Solr - Apache Software Foundation](https://wiki.apache.org/solr/UpdateJSON) there is no difference in what I  
> said. Solr borrowed all the JSON things from ES. That is, Solr seems not to  
> accept arbitrary JSON either. So you can index JSON into ES as you would  
> index it into Solr.
> 
> If you had already data indexed into Solr, this river may help  
> [GitHub - javanna/elasticsearch-river-solr: Solr River plugin for elasticsearch](https://github.com/javanna/elasticsearch-river-solr)
> 
> The Solr mock plugin  
> [GitHub - mattweber/elasticsearch-mocksolrplugin: Use Solr clients/tools with ElasticSearch](https://github.com/mattweber/elasticsearch-mocksolrplugin) needs some love  
> for JSON but could also be a valuable start to migrate from Solr.
> 
> Jörg
> 
> On Tue, Mar 11, 2014 at 7:18 AM, Ondřej Spilka \<[spilka...@gmail.com](mailto:spilka...@gmail.com)\<javascript:\>
> 
> > wrote:
> 
> > Thanks Joerg, I completely forgot the way of indexing via JSON documents  
> > I've already done for ES from powershell months ago...
> > 
> > I understand that ES JSON format is very versatile, on the other side,  
> > Solr compatible option to index plain POCO JSON file which consists only  
> > from array of objects would be fine in migration from Solr to ES.  
> > There is no problem while ID property can be specified in schema as like  
> > as in Solr.  
> > So when you have schema with ID property you're on the right way and ES  
> > have to be able to perform index/update on POCO JSON array.
> > 
> > Then I can imagine one have preprocessor converting XML/CSV or whatever  
> > to collection schema compatible JSON and search engine can be easily chosen  
> > between ES and Solr.  
> > It seems like nice idea to me as I'm just a user of search engine...
> > 
> > Ondra
> > 
> > On Monday, March 10, 2014 8:19:20 PM UTC+1, Jörg Prante wrote:
> > 
> > > There is a special ES indexing data model, as you surely already have  
> > > noted. You can only index a subset of valid JSON into ES. For example, each  
> > > ES JSON doc must be an object. Arrays must be single-valued, unnested. So,  
> > > arbitrary source JSON must be transformed, and due to the field/value  
> > > indexing, there is more than one possible model, which depends on your data  
> > > domain.
> > > 
> > > XML is also not straightforward to translate. Attributes and values have  
> > > to be mapped to JSON fields and there is more than one possibility to do so.
> > > 
> > > Another question is how to build identifiers from documents for ES doc  
> > > \_id.
> > > 
> > > In my domain, I transform all my input data (K/V, ISO 2709, JSON, XML)  
> > > to RDF, create an IRI, and this RDF can be serialized to JSON-LD which fits  
> > > well into the ES JSON indexing model. YMMV.
> > > 
> > > Jörg
> > > 
> > > --  
> > > You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups  
> > > "elasticsearch" group.  
> > > To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an  
> > > email to [elasticsearc...@googlegroups.com](mailto:elasticsearc...@googlegroups.com) \<javascript:\>.  
> > > To view this discussion on the web visit  
> > > [https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/elasticsearch/1d480a9f-a043-4de7-a3dc-efa2bea14a17%40googlegroups.com](https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/elasticsearch/1d480a9f-a043-4de7-a3dc-efa2bea14a17%40googlegroups.com)[https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/elasticsearch/1d480a9f-a043-4de7-a3dc-efa2bea14a17%40googlegroups.com?utm\_medium=email&utm\_source=footer](https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/elasticsearch/1d480a9f-a043-4de7-a3dc-efa2bea14a17%40googlegroups.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer)  
> > > .
> > 
> > For more options, visit [https://groups.google.com/d/optout](https://groups.google.com/d/optout).

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**Author:** ![jprante](https://sea2.discourse-cdn.com/elastic/user_avatar/discuss.elastic.co/jprante/32/44941_2.png) [@jprante](https://discuss.elastic.co/u/jprante)\
**Post date:** [March 11, 2014, 11:05am UTC](https://discuss.elastic.co/t/java-bulk-api-slows-down-if-client-is-not-closed-and-reopened/16144/9 "2014-03-11T11:05:49Z")

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BerkeleyDB was never part of Lucene, or Solr, or Elasticsearch, or MongoDB,  
it is a complelety other piece of software (transactional key/value store  
on single server, no inverted index at all)

Jörg

On Tue, Mar 11, 2014 at 11:06 AM, Ondřej Spilka [spilka.ondrej@gmail.com](mailto:spilka.ondrej@gmail.com)wrote:

> Nevertheless both of them are build upon Lucene which uses BerkeleyDB.  
> This was how I met Solr/ES at first, I was searching for some high-level  
> Berkeley DB other than MongoDB, which is big space glutton...

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<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![system](https://us1.discourse-cdn.com/elastic/original/3X/1/a/1ac57faf039f6b580b3f104ef42a2a89e41014de.png) [@system](https://discuss.elastic.co/u/system)\
**Post date:** [July 6, 2017, 1:44am UTC](https://discuss.elastic.co/t/java-bulk-api-slows-down-if-client-is-not-closed-and-reopened/16144/10 "2017-07-06T01:44:18Z")

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