I think this is one of the "problems" that can have many different solutions and could try to provide one or more alternatives at least, all depending on what you want to do.
If you want to share the filebeat configuration between teams, which seems to be a good option, as long as none actually make changes that would break another teams setup, then I would focus on using conditions based on labels, and ask each team to pick a label, like team1, team2 etc.
That way you can have this list of conditions, and at the top there is one condition per team label, and any condition under it could for example be specified by each team individually, so that they don't impact eachother.
An example on label based conditions:
Is this pure docker or is it running on for example k8?