We do support receiving data from Jaeger, but we expect these attributes (telemetry.sdk.language and friends) to then come in as "process tags", Jaeger's equivalent of OTel resource attributes. It would seem that the Jaeger exporter is not doing that.
I think you will have a much better time in general if you use the OTLP exporter, as there will be fewer points of translation and thus fewer opportunities for things to get mistranslated between the data models.