That doesn't work for login, which is in practice what you need for Kibana (API calls are far less infrequent than Elasticsearch). The token authentication provider performs login using user/pass credentials.
I do not believe this to be possible right now (*) - see also Authentication provider in Kibana
(*) At least, not easily. One can do it with legacy plugins if xpack security is disabled; It may also be possibly by a mix of legacy & new platform code, but I don't believe it can be done in a new-platform plugin. Please do let me know if I'm wrong about that.