As far as I know there is no special spring-kafka support but only the „normal“ Kafka Instrumentation. Currently, the transaction is started, when poll is called on the Consumer and ended when the next poll is called. I assume poll is called multiple times in a row, prematurely closing any previous started transaction, when you use ConcurrentKafkaListenerContainerFactory. You can try to set the (internal) property end_messaging_transaction_on_poll to false.