First of all, the mapping in the post doesn't make much sense. I assume this is just a typo in the post, but if this is indeed the mapping that you are trying to apply to your index, make sure that the mapping is getting applied by getting it back from the index by running:
GET /index1/workers/_mapping
The second issue is in the query. The field type in the query indicates the type of the query, not the type of the field that his query is operation on. The type of the field is determined automatically from the mapping. So, if mapping is correctly specified, the following query (with "type" omitted) should work:
{
"query": {
"bool": {
"must": [
{
"match": {
"person.birthDate": {
"query": "1968-06-15"
}
}
}
]
}
},
"from": 0,
"size": 10,
"sort": [],
"aggs": {}
}