At least the lowercase and asciifolding filters should be applied. I can't tell about the char filters and you tokenizer since I don't know how they are implemented.
Can you share the output of the following request with both versions?
GET your_index_name/_validate/query?rewrite=true
{
"query" : {
"query_string": {
"query": "*chifffahrt",
"default_field": "_all",
"allow_leading_wildcard": true,
"analyze_wildcard": true
}
}
}