What does "docCount" mean in the Explain API?

The docCount here is the total number of documents in the index.
A simplified version of the formula for idf(term) is totalNumberOfDocs/(number of documents containing term).
That is why it is called inverted document frequency. Rare terms that only few documents contain will have a higher value of idf, while popular terms that are contained in many documents, will have a lower value of idf.