I've put aliases inside settings - wrong. It should be settings' sibling.
I'm using php/elastica, so the entire alias index (without filters or such) must be specified like this:
'alias1' => new \stdClass() in order to properly serialize to JSON as stated in the docs ("alias1": {})
I know my question is bad, as it lacks clues to the solution, and problems came from my lack of focus, but I guess these might be useful to someone (esp. 2.) Regarding 1. it's also interesting that aliases field was saved to settings as such, and it was just ignored - no error.
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