@simitt Your hint helped to the solution.
After editing node kibana, entry host to the IP (in my case 10.54.149.154:5601), I was able to create a connection.
Thank you very much for helping me!
Now there is only one detail question: In the code you can see that I set environmental variables like ELASTIC_APM_SERVER_URLS and ELASTIC_APM_SERVICE_NAME.
In an ASP.NET project I would set these values in an AppsSettings.config file.
Is is possible to set these variables on another way in an console/class library project?