Configuring and better understanding index.refresh_interval for an index updated twice a day

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How exactly does index.refresh_interval affect search performance ?

I have an index that is updated for 10 mins twice a day. Is it sufficient to refresh it 1 time, once the updating process finishes and disable index.refresh_interval for the rest of the time ? Or does the refresh process have other benefits even if the index isn't updated, like rearranging information, rearranging Lucene segments ?

Also, isn't the refresh management system able to see when the index hasn't been updated and not run the refresh process ? And how can this "resource consuming process" run every second ?

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Yes.

Yes, it's a lightweight no-op if it's not necessary.

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