I also don't know what happens before es start , i can write and read file in disk. But there is a problem:
Elasticsearch can write dir with the cluster name and file node.lock in data path, but cannot write data associated with lucene, this is the key question.
temporarily i can umount data path, remount it again, then es goes well, like below
umount -l /var/lib/elasticsearch
mount /dev/sdk1 /var/lib/elasticsearch
Does anybody know something about why lucene cannot write data to disk?