Is there a list somewhere of the Elasticsearch significant improvements from 7.9 version to 8.7
Every release gets a blog post, you would need to read each blog post for the releases between 7.9 and 8.11.
This is the category tag for the release blog posts.
https://www.elastic.co/blog/category/releases
In addition there are also the release notes for the detailed view:
- Release notes | Elasticsearch Guide [7.17] | Elastic
- Release notes | Elasticsearch Guide [8.11] | Elastic
But the release blog posts will be better for a higher level overview and highlights.
It's also worth noting that the difference between 7.9 and 8.10 reflects a little over 3 years of effort from a pretty large team of full-time developers and numerous open-source contributors. I expect it's hard to get a sense of the progress that's been made in that time just from reading the release notes. IMO there's no good reason not to upgrade at this point.