I found the error, there are some messing parenthesis
with this configuration in filebeat everything working as expected
filebeat.prospectors:
- input_type: log
paths:
- /var/log/jenkins/jenkins.log
exclude_files: [".gz$"]
multiline:
pattern: "^(?:[Jj]an(?:uary|uar)?|[Ff]eb(?:ruary|ruar)?|[Mm](?:a|ä)?r(?:ch|z)?|[Aa]pr(?:il)?[Mm]a(?:y|i)?|[Jj]un(?:e|i)?|[Jj]ul(?:y)?|[Aaa]ug(?:ust)?|[Ss]ep(?:tember)?|[Oo](?:c|k)?t(?:ober)?|[Nn]ov(?:ember)?|[Dd]e(?:c|z)(?:ember)?)"
negate: true
match: after