There are only 4 geo field types in Elasticsearch see here
However there are a number of ways specify / load those geo_points see here
Spatial data types
Latitude and longitude points.
Complex shapes, such as polygons.
Arbitrary cartesian points.
Arbitrary cartesian geometries.
In order to use, You will need to create a mapping with the correct field types in it in order to use geo_point or geo_shape
I also explained some geo searches here