https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/query-dsl-exists-query.html#find-docs-null-values shows how to find a document where the field contains [] or null. But how can I search for documents where the field doesn't exist at all on the document?
So if the document contains that field but it is [] or null, the search should treat that document as if the field exists (and not include it in the results).