You can first visit the mapping. It's by default generated automatically.
May be sometimes you don't need to index some fields or you don't want to compute aggregations?
May be you want to disable _all field which is enabled by default...
You can look at this blog post. It is for ES 2.x, but a lot of it is still valid. Another thing that can affect storage is how large shards you have. Compression tend to be more efficient for larger shards. What is your average shard size?
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