According to this bug, the mapping API was enhanced to automatically create the index. But this doesn't seem to happen with ES 1.4.4 or 1.5.2
curl -XPUT http://localhost:9200/twitter/tweet/_mapping -d '
{
tweet : {
properties : {
message : {type : "string", store : "yes"}
}
}
}
'
{"error":"IndexMissingException[[twitter] missing]","status":404}