Simple reindexing problem when data is updated

hopefully this is just me being a noob as i am new to ES

when i add or edit an entry to an already indexed model, i find that they
only way to get the updated search results is by completely reindexing
everything. Is there a way to get this to automatically update the entry if
i'm not changing the actual mapping? i.e. when the webapp is running and a
user adds a new entry they should be able to search with the data from the
entry they just entered without the admin having to manually reindex the
entire thing.

thanks ahead of time for your time and expertise.

some background:
i'm running:
ruby 1.9.3p125
Rails 3.2.12

i watched railscast 306/307
and set my model as such:

class User < ActiveRecord::Base

has_many :ingredients, :dependent => :destroy
has_many :foods, :dependent => :destroy
has_many :stocks, :dependent => :destroy

include Tire::Model::Search
include Tire::Model::Callbacks

def self.search(params)
tire.search(load: true) do
query { string params[:query], default_operator: "AND" } if
params[:query].present?
end
end

mapping do
indexes :username, type: 'string'
indexes :user_type, type: 'string'
indexes :description, type: 'string'
indexes :rating,  type: 'integer'
indexes :email,  type: 'string'
indexes :cuisine,  type: 'string'

indexes :foods do
  indexes :name,  type: 'string'
end

end

indexes :ingredients do
  indexes :ingredient_name,  type: 'string'
end

Define the JSON serialization

def to_indexed_json
to_json( include: { ingredients: { only: [:ingredient_name]
} ,
foods: { only: [:name]
},
stocks:{ only: [:ingredient_name]
}
} )
end

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