i don't now if it is possible on logstash side but you could use the mapping configuration on elasticsearch side to disable the fields(columns) that should not be in an index
You can use a clone filter to splice each event in two. You can then e.g. use a prune filter to delete all fields in the cloned event except the one field you want to keep (and make sure you keep the @timestamp field; see https://github.com/logstash-plugins/logstash-filter-prune/issues/22). The cloned event will be identical to the original event except for a tag that you can use to distinguish it and apply extra filters and pick the other output.
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