With ES5 released, I wonder whether it would be possible to downgrade to ES2.4 somehow, if something fails?
The exact question is: is it possible to do these steps?
in-place (or backup/restore) upgrade from ES2.4 to ES5
use ES5 for some time (not using any of its new features, no new indexes or mappings created)
backup (from ES5) and restore the data to an ES2.4 cluster
No, that's not possible. ES 5.0.0 brings a new major version of Lucene for which the BWC bits are stated as follows (see Section File Formats here):
Older releases are never guaranteed to be able to read indexes generated by newer releases. When this is attempted, a predictable error should be generated.
The Lucene segments written or merged by ES 5.0.0 can't be read by Lucene bundled on ES 2.x.
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