I got it!
Thanks to this thread, I found out that the commented path for xpack.monitoring.elasticsearch.hosts began with "https://", when it was supposed to be "http://" (remove the 's'). This was why Logstash was unable to retrieve my license information and failed to fetch my X-pack information from elasticsearch.
My problem was fixed by first correcting the path.settings field so Logstash would not ignore my configurations, then correcting the xpack.monitoring.elasticsearch.hosts field. Now Logstash is being monitored like I had hoped!
