Max file descriptors [4096] for elasticsearch process is too low

I started getting this error when my services were rebooted today... post that seeing this error on both ES instance..

I am using elatstic - 5.1.2 on RHEL 6.8 version .. my cluster is made of two nodes only.
I have read all docs around but need to understand below queries

1, Why it happened all of sudden?
2. How do we know what was the number was assigned to elastic or its general ?
3. Does this mean elastic already opened this many files, even though no one was using the cluster?
4. where do we get 4096 from?
5. what value I should set to avoid this issue in future?
6. Which used I should give max access as same user is used in all processes, dont have unique user for elastic

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