For just a couple of values as your introductory example, you may use a conditional block if [field] in ["ABCDE", "abcde"] {... with mutate - replace
If there is a bigger list of entries you want to replace with different values (in your configuration example, just a unique value for all the entries), you could also use a translate filter with a dictionary, which might be more readable and flexible.
Take care of the option override => true to actually overwrite the field.
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