Not using the build, I don't believe.
What you want to do is test your changes using the dev environment( https://github.com/elastic/kibana/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#development-environment-setup) , where the server would respond to changes as you make them.
If you're doing plugin development, you can take the final output and just put it into your installedPlugins path of your production build.
Hope this helps,
Thanks
Rashmi