We are aware this is inconvenient for some users, but there are currently no short term plans to fix it. The short url creation does write to the index and since a read only user is not allowed to write to the index, we decided we can't circumvent those security restrictions.
There are some plans which will help alleviate the pain:
Object level security would allow users to make finer grained security decisions such as this. This is probably a good ways off.
https://github.com/elastic/kibana/issues/15023 - human readable urls. While this wouldn't include the state portion of the url, taken together with the above issue, it would make for a readable url without a slew of extra parameters tacked on to the end (assuming they were sharing in view mode and not sharing an edited dashboard).
Follow those two issues to stay informed of any updates.
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