What is the replacement of SQL UNION in KQL?

There is no support for UNION or UNION ALL in ES-SQL at the moment.
The only workaround is to query multiple indices with a pattern, e.g.:

SELECT * FROM "idx-*" WHERE ...

But this means that you have indices with compatible fields (same name and compatible data types), and that you apply the exact same WHERE clause, ORDER BY, etc. There is currently no support of UNIONing subqueries.