How to use more than 10 filters without having a error message

You'll have to change the query a bit. Try something like this:

{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "filter": {
        "terms": {
          "Identifiant": [
            "CASA-R1000",
            "CASA-R1001"
          ]
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

That will show results for CASA-R100 OR CASA-R1001 so you'll have to then negate the filter if you want none of those to show up.