Have you looked at the request being sent to elasticsearch when you perform this search? If you click on the arrow to the bottom-left of the bar chart on the discover page, it should reveal a panel that shows you information about the request, including the query that ends up being sent to elasticsearch. Could you copy that here?
My guess is that this has something to do with the fact that your short_message field is not analyzed. I'm not exactly sure why the latter isn't providing results, but the Elasticsearch sub-forum may be of more help to you.
What I can tell you is that, if you'd like, you are able to paste in entire search queries. For example, you can copy the following JSON and paste it in the search bar, and tweak if necessary:
Apache, Apache Lucene, Apache Hadoop, Hadoop, HDFS and the yellow elephant
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